World Cancer Day is observed every year on February 4th. The theme for 2026, “United by Unique,” highlights the importance of personalized, patient-centered care in the fight against cancer. It recognises that each patient’s journey is different and emphasizes the need to tailor treatments to meet the unique needs of every individual.
Cancer is a disease in which certain cells grow uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body. It remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for over 10 million deaths in 2020 alone.
The first World Cancer Day was introduced on February 4th, 2000, during the World Summit Against Cancer for the New Millennium in Paris. The initiative, led by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), is part of the Paris Charter, which seeks to advance cancer research, prevention, patient care, awareness, and global mobilisation.
Studies show that around 90% of cancers are caused by environmental and lifestyle factors, while genetics account for only 5–10% of cases. Major contributors include tobacco use, poor diet, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol consumption, certain infections, and environmental pollutants. Tobacco alone is responsible for approximately 25–30% of cancer deaths globally.
Although many cancers are not fully preventable, risk can be significantly reduced through lifestyle choices. Measures to lower cancer risk include maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables and low in processed foods and red meat, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco products, limiting alcohol intake, and protecting the skin from ultraviolet rays using sunscreen and protective clothing. Participating in regular cancer screenings, minimizing exposure to harmful chemicals, and vaccinating against viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV) are also effective preventive steps.
Low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Africa, face unique challenges in combating cancer. Factors such as the prevalence of chronic illnesses, limited access to education, delayed diagnosis, and low availability of affordable treatment contribute to poorer outcomes in these regions. Addressing these challenges requires a combination of public health education, early detection programs, and improved access to patient-centered care.
World Cancer Day 2026 is a global call to action for governments, communities, and individuals to unite in raising awareness, improving early detection, and promoting personalized care. Every life affected by cancer is unique, and efforts to prevent, detect, and treat the disease must recognise the individuality of each patient.
